A number of important diseases, such as West Nile virus, are transmitted by mosquitoes. Mosquito repellents are an important part of our defense against such diseases. How do mosquitoes find us in the first place? They can sense the carbon dioxide, heat and even the humidity we give off. The way mosquito repellents work is to hide the cues that attract mosquitoes.
Mosquito repellents don’t work exactly the same for everyone. They work better for some and not as well on others. The factors involved include the age, gender and activity level of the person involved. The type of mosquito is a factor as well. Another important fact is that mosquito repellents only work on the surface they’re applied to.
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends two products, DEET and picaridin. According to the CDC, each of these products works well and offers long lasting protection. DEET was developed in the 1940′s for the U.S. Army and first offered to the public in 1957.
Mosquito repellent products come in many concentrations. Which you choose will depend on how long you’re typically outside. If you’re usually out 3-4 hours, you might look for a product with 20% or more of DEET. However, scientists tell us that products containing more than 50% DEET do not offer extra protection. If you’re often outside for less than 3 hours a product with less than 20% DEET or 7% picaridin offers good protection.
According to the Environmental Protection agency (EPA), when used according to directions, DEET does not present any health concerns and isn’t classifiable as a human carcinogen. The CDC does not recommend combining DEET with sunscreen or using products that do combine the products. The American Academy of Pediatrics says DEET in concentrations below 30% is safe for children aged two months and older
There are two other active ingredients recommended by the CDC. These ingredients provide good protection but not for the length of time as higher concentrations as DEET. The two products are oil of lemon eucalyptus and IR3535. Testing by EPA says that oil of lemon eucalyptus provides protection that lasts as long as lower concentrations of DEET. Children under the age of 3 should not be exposed to this ingredient, so be sure to read the label of the specific product you choose.
In spite of many scientific studies, there is no evidence that ultrasonic mosquito repellent devices work. Neither is there any evidence that eating garlic, vitamins, onions, or any other food will repel mosquitoes from people. It seems the portable traps that emit carbon dioxide are still too new for any decision from the scientists.
The following guidelines will help use mosquito repellents safely: Read the label and follow directions. Apply these products only to exposed skin, never under clothing. Avoid applying these products to wounds, rashes or cuts. Never apply near mouth or eyes and apply only lightly around the ears. Children should not be allowed to apply these products. Wash with soap and water or bathe when you return indoors.
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